Standard 2: Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities.
Grades K-2
Benchmark A: Demonstrate knowledge of movement concepts related to body, space, effort and relationships.
Kindergarten
Movement Concepts
1. Establish a movement vocabulary through exploration of body, space, effort and relationships.
2. Distinguish between different degrees of effort (e.g., strong, weak, fast, slow, bound, free).
3. Identify body parts and move them in a variety of ways.
Grade One
Movement Concepts
1. Demonstrate knowledge of movement vocabulary related to space (e.g., self, general, directions, levels and pathways).
2. Demonstrate an understanding of relationships (lead, follow, over, under) in a variety of physical activities.
3. Identify personal effort that varies the quality of movement (e.g., speed up, slow down).
Grade Two
Movement Concepts
1. Use movement vocabulary to describe a pattern (e.g., levels: high, medium, low).
2. Apply movement concepts to modify performance (e.g., use more body parts, keep the object closer).
3. Apply different degrees of effort to accomplish a task (e.g., adjust speed).
Standard 2
Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities.
Grades K-2
Benchmark B: Demonstrate knowledge of critical elements of fundamental motor skills.
Kindergarten
Knowledge of Critical Elements
1. Differentiate among locomotor skills.
2. Differentiate among non-locomotor skills.
Grade One
Knowledge of Critical Elements
1. Differentiate among manipulative skills.
2. Repeat “cue words” for fundamental motor skills and apply them to improve performance.
Grade Two
Knowledge of Critical Elements
1. Differentiate among manipulative skills.
2. Identify critical elements which lead to successful performance of locomotor, non-locomotor and manipulative skills.
Standard 2
Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities.
Grades 3-5
Benchmark A: Demonstrate and apply basic tactics and principles of movement.
Grade Three
Movement Concepts
Strategies and Tactics
1. Modify movement to meet the demands of a task (e.g., throw with more or less force to reach a target or teammate).
2. Explain how the characteristics of an object (e.g., size, material, weight) affect performance of manipulative skills.
3. Identify the most stable and unstable positions from 2-, 3-, 4-point balance positions.
4. Demonstrate understanding of boundaries.
5. Recognize offensive and defensive situations.
6. Start and restart activity in appropriate ways.
Grade Four
Movement Concepts
Strategies and Tactics
1. Explain the importance of weight transfer in object propulsion skills (throw, strike).
2. Describe and demonstrate the correct movement or movement qualities based on the characteristics of the task (e.g., size of object, distance to target, goal, speed or time to complete movement) and/or environment (space, number of players).
3. Explain the importance of balance in effective movement performance.
4. Demonstrate basic understanding of spacing in a dynamic environment (e.g., partner or small group dance spacing, proximity to the ball or teammate in small-sided games).
5. Demonstrate understanding of tactics needed to score (e.g., ball possession, attack, moving an opponent).
Grade Five
Movement Concepts
Strategies and Tactics
1. Identify similar patterns/concepts across related activities (e.g., striking with a bat, tennis forehand).
2. Analyze and modify a movement based on the characteristics of the task (e.g., size of object, distance to target, goal, speed or time to complete movement) and/or environment (space, number of players) in a dynamic or changing environment.
3. Use knowledge of balance to affect movement performance.
4. Demonstrate basic understanding of positioning in simple game settings (e.g., maintain or return to base position, positioning relative to a goal or opponent).
5. Demonstrate basic decision-making capabilities in simple performance settings (e.g., what skill should I use?).
Standard 2
Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities.
Grades 3-5
Benchmark B: Demonstrate knowledge of critical elements for more complex motor skills.
Grade Three
Principles and Critical Elements
1. Describe the critical elements of the manipulative skills (e.g., throw, catch, kick, strike).
2. Explain how appropriate practice improves performance.
Grade Four
Principles and Critical Elements
1. Use knowledge of critical elements to analyze skill performance to determine strengths and weaknesses of motor skills.
2. Explain how appropriate practice can improve performance of a movement or skill.
Grade Five
Principles and Critical Elements
1. Use knowledge of critical elements to analyze and provide feedback on motor-skill performance of others.
2. Use the principles of practice (e.g., part-practice, variable practice, simplifying the environment, identifying key cues,) to develop a plan to improve performance for a movement skill.
Standard 2
Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities.
Grades 6-8
Benchmark A: Apply tactical concepts and performance principles in physical activities.
Grade Six
Tactics and Principles
1. Demonstrate understanding of basic tactics related to off-the-ball movements while participating in game-like settings (e.g., when and where should I move?).
2. Demonstrate basic decision-making capabilities in a variety of physical activities (e.g., when and where do I execute?).
3. Describe and explain elements of performance principles as they relate to movement (e.g., the effects of different body positions on rotation in gymnastics).
Grade Seven
Tactics and Principles
1. Demonstrate transfer of performance principles across activities to aid learning (e.g., sending principles: throw/tennis serve/volley serve).
2. Demonstrate understanding of basic tactics related to defending space while participating in game and sport activities (e.g., when, where and how do I move?).
3. Explain similarities of skill application and movement patterns across activities (e.g., sending, receiving and movement).
Grade Eight
Tactics and Principles
1. Demonstrate developing understanding of tactics related to decision-making (e.g., shoot, pass, dribble hierarchy) in game and sport activities.
2. Demonstrate developing understanding of tactics related to creating space (e.g., moving opponents and/or the ball) in game and sport activities.
Standard 2
Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities.
Grades 6-8
Benchmark B: Demonstrate knowledge of critical elements and biomechanical principles for specialized skills.
Grade Six
Principles and Critical Elements
1. Demonstrate understanding of movement principles through knowledge of critical elements (key points) of specialized locomotor and non-locomotor skills/movements.
2. Describe and explain critical elements of specific sport skills (e.g., shooting hand under the ball) and movement skills (e.g., tuck the chin on the chest as you roll).
Grade Seven
Principles and Critical Elements
1. Demonstrate understanding of movement principles through knowledge of critical elements (key points) of specialized manipulative skills and movements.
2. Describe and explain critical elements required for the application of specific sport and movement skills in controlled settings (e.g., practice settings).
Grade Eight
Principles and Critical Elements
1. Demonstrate understanding of movement principles through knowledge of critical elements (key points) of combined (locomotor, non-locomotor and manipulative) skills and movements.
2. Describe and explain critical elements required for the application of specific sport and movement skills in a dynamic environment (e.g., games).
3. Detect and correct errors in personal performance based on knowledge of results (e.g., analysis of contact and release point in sport skill execution).
4. Detect and correct errors based on knowledge of results and biomechanical principles (e.g., analysis of contact and release point in sport skill execution).
Standard 2
Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities.
Grades 9-12
Benchmark A: Apply knowledge of tactical concepts and strategies in authentic settings.
Grade Nine
Strategies and Tactics
1. Describe and apply tactics to participate successfully in games across multiple categories of movement forms.
2. Describe effective strategies for successful performance in multiple categories of movement forms.
3. Transfer knowledge of previously learned tactics and strategies to participate in similar but different movement forms.
Grade Ten
Strategies and Tactics
1. Describe and apply tactics to participate successfully in games across multiple categories of movement forms.
2. Describe effective strategies for successful performance in multiple categories of movement forms.
3. Transfer knowledge of previously learned tactics and strategies to participate in similar but different movement forms.
Grade Eleven
Strategies and Tactics
1. Describe and apply tactics to participate successfully in games across multiple categories of movement forms.
2. Describe effective strategies for successful performance in multiple categories of movement forms.
3. Transfer knowledge of previously learned tactics and strategies to participate in similar but different movement forms.
Grade Twelve
Strategies and Tactics
1. Describe and apply tactics to participate successfully in games across multiple categories of movement forms.
2. Describe effective strategies for successful performance in multiple categories of movement forms.
3. Transfer knowledge of previously learned tactics and strategies to participate in similar but different movement forms.
Standard 2
Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities.
Grades 9-12
Benchmark B: Apply biomechanical principles to performance in authentic settings.
Grade Nine
Principles and Critical Elements
1. Apply critical elements and biomechanical principles (e.g., stability, rotation, linear and angular motion) to perform increasingly complex movement forms.
2. Analyze and evaluate performance of self and others across multiple movement forms.
3. Use information from a variety of sources to design a plan to improve performance.
Grade Ten
Principles and Critical Elements
1. Apply critical elements and biomechanical principles (e.g., stability, rotation, linear and angular motion) to perform increasingly complex movement forms.
2. Analyze and evaluate performance of self and others across multiple movement forms.
3. Use information from a variety of sources to design a plan to improve performance.
Grade Eleven
Principles and Critical Elements
1. Apply critical elements and biomechanical principles (e.g., stability, rotation, linear and angular motion) to perform increasingly complex movement forms.
2. Analyze and evaluate performance of self and others across multiple movement forms.
3. Use information from a variety of sources to design a plan to improve performance.
Grade Twelve
Principles and Critical Elements
1. Apply critical elements and biomechanical principles (e.g., stability, rotation, linear and angular motion) to perform increasingly complex movement forms.
2. Analyze and evaluate performance of self and others across multiple movement forms.
3. Use information from a variety of sources to design a plan to improve performance.
Benchmark A: Demonstrate knowledge of movement concepts related to body, space, effort and relationships.
Kindergarten
Movement Concepts
1. Establish a movement vocabulary through exploration of body, space, effort and relationships.
2. Distinguish between different degrees of effort (e.g., strong, weak, fast, slow, bound, free).
3. Identify body parts and move them in a variety of ways.
Grade One
Movement Concepts
1. Demonstrate knowledge of movement vocabulary related to space (e.g., self, general, directions, levels and pathways).
2. Demonstrate an understanding of relationships (lead, follow, over, under) in a variety of physical activities.
3. Identify personal effort that varies the quality of movement (e.g., speed up, slow down).
Grade Two
Movement Concepts
1. Use movement vocabulary to describe a pattern (e.g., levels: high, medium, low).
2. Apply movement concepts to modify performance (e.g., use more body parts, keep the object closer).
3. Apply different degrees of effort to accomplish a task (e.g., adjust speed).
Standard 2
Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities.
Grades K-2
Benchmark B: Demonstrate knowledge of critical elements of fundamental motor skills.
Kindergarten
Knowledge of Critical Elements
1. Differentiate among locomotor skills.
2. Differentiate among non-locomotor skills.
Grade One
Knowledge of Critical Elements
1. Differentiate among manipulative skills.
2. Repeat “cue words” for fundamental motor skills and apply them to improve performance.
Grade Two
Knowledge of Critical Elements
1. Differentiate among manipulative skills.
2. Identify critical elements which lead to successful performance of locomotor, non-locomotor and manipulative skills.
Standard 2
Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities.
Grades 3-5
Benchmark A: Demonstrate and apply basic tactics and principles of movement.
Grade Three
Movement Concepts
Strategies and Tactics
1. Modify movement to meet the demands of a task (e.g., throw with more or less force to reach a target or teammate).
2. Explain how the characteristics of an object (e.g., size, material, weight) affect performance of manipulative skills.
3. Identify the most stable and unstable positions from 2-, 3-, 4-point balance positions.
4. Demonstrate understanding of boundaries.
5. Recognize offensive and defensive situations.
6. Start and restart activity in appropriate ways.
Grade Four
Movement Concepts
Strategies and Tactics
1. Explain the importance of weight transfer in object propulsion skills (throw, strike).
2. Describe and demonstrate the correct movement or movement qualities based on the characteristics of the task (e.g., size of object, distance to target, goal, speed or time to complete movement) and/or environment (space, number of players).
3. Explain the importance of balance in effective movement performance.
4. Demonstrate basic understanding of spacing in a dynamic environment (e.g., partner or small group dance spacing, proximity to the ball or teammate in small-sided games).
5. Demonstrate understanding of tactics needed to score (e.g., ball possession, attack, moving an opponent).
Grade Five
Movement Concepts
Strategies and Tactics
1. Identify similar patterns/concepts across related activities (e.g., striking with a bat, tennis forehand).
2. Analyze and modify a movement based on the characteristics of the task (e.g., size of object, distance to target, goal, speed or time to complete movement) and/or environment (space, number of players) in a dynamic or changing environment.
3. Use knowledge of balance to affect movement performance.
4. Demonstrate basic understanding of positioning in simple game settings (e.g., maintain or return to base position, positioning relative to a goal or opponent).
5. Demonstrate basic decision-making capabilities in simple performance settings (e.g., what skill should I use?).
Standard 2
Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities.
Grades 3-5
Benchmark B: Demonstrate knowledge of critical elements for more complex motor skills.
Grade Three
Principles and Critical Elements
1. Describe the critical elements of the manipulative skills (e.g., throw, catch, kick, strike).
2. Explain how appropriate practice improves performance.
Grade Four
Principles and Critical Elements
1. Use knowledge of critical elements to analyze skill performance to determine strengths and weaknesses of motor skills.
2. Explain how appropriate practice can improve performance of a movement or skill.
Grade Five
Principles and Critical Elements
1. Use knowledge of critical elements to analyze and provide feedback on motor-skill performance of others.
2. Use the principles of practice (e.g., part-practice, variable practice, simplifying the environment, identifying key cues,) to develop a plan to improve performance for a movement skill.
Standard 2
Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities.
Grades 6-8
Benchmark A: Apply tactical concepts and performance principles in physical activities.
Grade Six
Tactics and Principles
1. Demonstrate understanding of basic tactics related to off-the-ball movements while participating in game-like settings (e.g., when and where should I move?).
2. Demonstrate basic decision-making capabilities in a variety of physical activities (e.g., when and where do I execute?).
3. Describe and explain elements of performance principles as they relate to movement (e.g., the effects of different body positions on rotation in gymnastics).
Grade Seven
Tactics and Principles
1. Demonstrate transfer of performance principles across activities to aid learning (e.g., sending principles: throw/tennis serve/volley serve).
2. Demonstrate understanding of basic tactics related to defending space while participating in game and sport activities (e.g., when, where and how do I move?).
3. Explain similarities of skill application and movement patterns across activities (e.g., sending, receiving and movement).
Grade Eight
Tactics and Principles
1. Demonstrate developing understanding of tactics related to decision-making (e.g., shoot, pass, dribble hierarchy) in game and sport activities.
2. Demonstrate developing understanding of tactics related to creating space (e.g., moving opponents and/or the ball) in game and sport activities.
Standard 2
Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities.
Grades 6-8
Benchmark B: Demonstrate knowledge of critical elements and biomechanical principles for specialized skills.
Grade Six
Principles and Critical Elements
1. Demonstrate understanding of movement principles through knowledge of critical elements (key points) of specialized locomotor and non-locomotor skills/movements.
2. Describe and explain critical elements of specific sport skills (e.g., shooting hand under the ball) and movement skills (e.g., tuck the chin on the chest as you roll).
Grade Seven
Principles and Critical Elements
1. Demonstrate understanding of movement principles through knowledge of critical elements (key points) of specialized manipulative skills and movements.
2. Describe and explain critical elements required for the application of specific sport and movement skills in controlled settings (e.g., practice settings).
Grade Eight
Principles and Critical Elements
1. Demonstrate understanding of movement principles through knowledge of critical elements (key points) of combined (locomotor, non-locomotor and manipulative) skills and movements.
2. Describe and explain critical elements required for the application of specific sport and movement skills in a dynamic environment (e.g., games).
3. Detect and correct errors in personal performance based on knowledge of results (e.g., analysis of contact and release point in sport skill execution).
4. Detect and correct errors based on knowledge of results and biomechanical principles (e.g., analysis of contact and release point in sport skill execution).
Standard 2
Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities.
Grades 9-12
Benchmark A: Apply knowledge of tactical concepts and strategies in authentic settings.
Grade Nine
Strategies and Tactics
1. Describe and apply tactics to participate successfully in games across multiple categories of movement forms.
2. Describe effective strategies for successful performance in multiple categories of movement forms.
3. Transfer knowledge of previously learned tactics and strategies to participate in similar but different movement forms.
Grade Ten
Strategies and Tactics
1. Describe and apply tactics to participate successfully in games across multiple categories of movement forms.
2. Describe effective strategies for successful performance in multiple categories of movement forms.
3. Transfer knowledge of previously learned tactics and strategies to participate in similar but different movement forms.
Grade Eleven
Strategies and Tactics
1. Describe and apply tactics to participate successfully in games across multiple categories of movement forms.
2. Describe effective strategies for successful performance in multiple categories of movement forms.
3. Transfer knowledge of previously learned tactics and strategies to participate in similar but different movement forms.
Grade Twelve
Strategies and Tactics
1. Describe and apply tactics to participate successfully in games across multiple categories of movement forms.
2. Describe effective strategies for successful performance in multiple categories of movement forms.
3. Transfer knowledge of previously learned tactics and strategies to participate in similar but different movement forms.
Standard 2
Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities.
Grades 9-12
Benchmark B: Apply biomechanical principles to performance in authentic settings.
Grade Nine
Principles and Critical Elements
1. Apply critical elements and biomechanical principles (e.g., stability, rotation, linear and angular motion) to perform increasingly complex movement forms.
2. Analyze and evaluate performance of self and others across multiple movement forms.
3. Use information from a variety of sources to design a plan to improve performance.
Grade Ten
Principles and Critical Elements
1. Apply critical elements and biomechanical principles (e.g., stability, rotation, linear and angular motion) to perform increasingly complex movement forms.
2. Analyze and evaluate performance of self and others across multiple movement forms.
3. Use information from a variety of sources to design a plan to improve performance.
Grade Eleven
Principles and Critical Elements
1. Apply critical elements and biomechanical principles (e.g., stability, rotation, linear and angular motion) to perform increasingly complex movement forms.
2. Analyze and evaluate performance of self and others across multiple movement forms.
3. Use information from a variety of sources to design a plan to improve performance.
Grade Twelve
Principles and Critical Elements
1. Apply critical elements and biomechanical principles (e.g., stability, rotation, linear and angular motion) to perform increasingly complex movement forms.
2. Analyze and evaluate performance of self and others across multiple movement forms.
3. Use information from a variety of sources to design a plan to improve performance.